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An Appell sequence is a Sheffer sequence for (g(t),t). Roman (1984, pp. 86-106) summarizes properties of Appell sequences and gives a number of specific examples. The ...

The only nonassociative division algebra with real scalars. There is an 8-square identity corresponding to this algebra. The elements of a Cayley algebra are called Cayley ...

A linear algebraic group is a matrix group that is also an affine variety. In particular, its elements satisfy polynomial equations. The group operations are required to be ...

A prime which does not divide the class number h(p) of the cyclotomic field obtained by adjoining a primitive pth root of unity to the field of rationals. A prime p is ...

A Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero is called semisimple if its Killing form is nondegenerate. The following properties can be proved equivalent for a ...

A closed curve associated with a knot which is displaced along the normal by a small amount. For a knot K parameterized as x^mu(s) for 0<=s<=L along the length of the knot by ...

The extension ring obtained from a commutative unit ring (other than the trivial ring) when allowing division by all non-zero divisors. The ring of fractions of an integral ...

A theorem that can be stated either in the language of abstract algebraic curves or transcendental extensions. For an abstract algebraic curve, if x and y are nonconstant ...

Let K be a number field and let O be an order in K. Then the set of equivalence classes of invertible fractional ideals of O forms a multiplicative Abelian group called the ...

A Pólya plot is a plot of the vector field of (R[f(z)],-I[f(z)]) of a complex function f(z). Several examples are shown above. Pólya plots can be created in the Wolfram ...