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One of the symbols ( or ) used to denote grouping. Parentheses have a great many specialized meanings in mathematics. A few of these are described below. 1. Parentheses are ...

A system of equation types obtained by generalizing the differential equation for the normal distribution (dy)/(dx)=(y(m-x))/a, (1) which has solution y=Ce^((2m-x)x/(2a)), ...

An impossible figure in which a stairway in the shape of a square appears to circulate indefinitely while still possessing normal steps (Penrose and Penrose 1958). The Dutch ...

There are at least 15 classes of convex pentagonal tilings, as illustrated above. The first five were discovered during investigations of German mathematician Karl Reinhardt ...

Two planes always intersect in a line as long as they are not parallel. Let the planes be specified in Hessian normal form, then the line of intersection must be ...

The problem in calculus of variations to find the minimal surface of a boundary with specified constraints (usually having no singularities on the surface). In general, there ...

A point is a 0-dimensional mathematical object which can be specified in n-dimensional space using an n-tuple (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) consisting of n coordinates. In dimensions ...

An algebraic surface of surface order 4. Unlike cubic surfaces, quartic surfaces have not been fully classified. Examples of quartic surfaces include the apple surface, ...

Let G be a finite, connected, undirected graph with graph diameter d(G) and graph distance d(u,v) between vertices u and v. A radio labeling of a graph G is labeling using ...

A recursive sequence {f(n)}_n, also known as a recurrence sequence, is a sequence of numbers f(n) indexed by an integer n and generated by solving a recurrence equation. The ...