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Let a Gram point g_n be called "good" if (-1)^nZ(g_n)>0, and "bad" otherwise (Rosser et al. 1969; Edwards 2001, p. 180). Then the interval between two consecutive good Gram ...

Gram's law (Hutchinson 1925; Edwards 2001, pp. 125, 127, and 171) is the tendency for zeros of the Riemann-Siegel function Z(t) to alternate with Gram points. Stated more ...

An equation derived by Kronecker: where r(n) is the sum of squares function, zeta(z) is the Riemann zeta function, eta(z) is the Dirichlet eta function, Gamma(z) is the gamma ...

The half-altitude triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' of a reference triangle DeltaABC is defined by letting A^' be the midpoint between vertex A and the foot of the A-altitude on side ...

An elliptic function can be characterized by its real and imaginary half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 428), sometimes also denoted ...

tau is the ratio tau=omega_2/omega_1 of the two half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 of an elliptic function (Whittaker and Watson 1990, pp. 463 and 473) defined such that the ...

There are two types of functions known as Hankel functions. The more common one is a complex function (also called a Bessel function of the third kind, or Weber Function) ...

The Hankel functions of the first kind are defined as H_n^((1))(z)=J_n(z)+iY_n(z), (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Y_n(z) is a Bessel function of ...

H_n^((2))(z)=J_n(z)-iY_n(z), (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Y_n(z) is a Bessel function of the second kind. Hankel functions of the second kind ...

The haversine, also called the haversed sine, is a little-used entire trigonometric function defined by hav(z) = 1/2vers(z) (1) = 1/2(1-cosz) (2) = sin^2(1/2z), (3) where ...