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A generalized eigenvector for an n×n matrix A is a vector v for which (A-lambdaI)^kv=0 for some positive integer k in Z^+. Here, I denotes the n×n identity matrix. The ...

A board covered by a lattice of pegs around which one can span rubber bands to form segments and polygons. It was invented by the Egyptian mathematician and pedagogist Caleb ...

The lower central series of a Lie algebra g is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g_(k+1)=[g,g_k], (1) with g_0=g. The sequence of subspaces is always ...

The minimal enclosing circle problem, sometimes also known as the bomb problem, is the problem of finding the circle of smallest radius that contains a given set of points in ...

Let H be a complex Hilbert space, and define a nest as a set N of closed subspaces of H satisfying the conditions: 1. 0,H in N, 2. If N_1,N_2 in N, then either N_1 subset= ...

A *-algebra A of operators on a Hilbert space H is said to act nondegenerately if whenever Txi=0 for all T in A, it necessarily implies that xi=0. Algebras A which act ...

The plane spanned by the three points x(t), x(t+h_1), and x(t+h_2) on a curve as h_1,h_2->0. Let z be a point on the osculating plane, then [(z-x),x^',x^('')]=0, where ...

In three dimensions, a parallelepiped is a prism whose faces are all parallelograms. Let A, B, and C be the basis vectors defining a three-dimensional parallelepiped. Then ...

Let G be a Lie group and let rho be a group representation of G on C^n (for some natural number n), which is continuous in the sense that the function G×C^n->C^n defined by ...

Let K and L be simplicial complexes, and let f:K^((0))->L^((0)) be a map. Suppose that whenever the vertices v_0, ..., v_n of K span a simplex of K, the points f(v_0), ..., ...