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Calculus I

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

The principal branch of an analytic multivalued function, also called a principal sheet, is a single-valued "slice" (i.e., branch) of the function chosen that is for ...

Hypothesis testing is the use of statistics to determine the probability that a given hypothesis is true. The usual process of hypothesis testing consists of four steps. 1. ...

If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...

The difference between the measured or inferred value of a quantity x_0 and its actual value x, given by Deltax=x_0-x (sometimes with the absolute value taken) is called the ...

In accounting, the principal is the original amount borrowed or lent on which interest is then paid or given. The word "principal" is also used in many areas of mathematics ...

The Bonferroni correction is a multiple-comparison correction used when several dependent or independent statistical tests are being performed simultaneously (since while a ...

An outer-totalistic cellular automaton is a generalization of the totalistic cellular automaton. Totalistic rules are a proper superset of outer-totalistic rules. In ...

The absolute difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is |n_1-n_2|, where the minus sign denotes subtraction and |x| denotes the absolute value.