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The term used in physics and engineering for a harmonic function. Potential functions are extremely useful, for example, in electromagnetism, where they reduce the study of a ...

Suppose that X is a vector space over the field of complex or real numbers. Then the set of all linear functionals on X forms a vector space called the algebraic conjugate ...

An m×1 matrix [a_(11); a_(21); |; a_(m1)].

A 1×n matrix [a_(11) a_(12) ... a_(1n)].

int_a^b(del f)·ds=f(b)-f(a), where del is the gradient, and the integral is a line integral. It is this relationship which makes the definition of a scalar potential function ...

A covariant tensor of rank 1, more commonly called a one-form (or "bra").

Over a small neighborhood U of a manifold, a vector bundle is spanned by the local sections defined on U. For example, in a coordinate chart U with coordinates (x_1,...,x_n), ...

The Lie derivative of tensor T_(ab) with respect to the vector field X is defined by L_XT_(ab)=lim_(deltax->0)(T_(ab)^'(x^')-T_(ab)(x))/(deltax). (1) Explicitly, it is given ...

Let theta be the angle between two vectors. If 0<theta<pi, the vectors are positively oriented. If pi<theta<2pi, the vectors are negatively oriented. Two vectors in the plane ...

An extremely fast factorization method developed by Pollard which was used to factor the RSA-130 number. This method is the most powerful known for factoring general numbers, ...