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A normal distribution in a variate X with mean mu and variance sigma^2 is a statistic distribution with probability density function ...

von Neumann-Bernays-Gödel set theory (abbreviated "NBG") is a version of set theory which was designed to give the same results as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, but in a more ...

Arrow's paradox, also called Arrow's impossibility theorem or the general possibility theorem, states that perfect democratic voting is impossible, not just in practice but ...

A recurrence relation between the function Q arising in quota systems, Q(n,r)=Q(n-1,r-1)+Q(n-1,r).

A generalization of simple majority voting in which a list of quotas {q_0,...,q_n} specifies, according to the number of votes, how many votes an alternative needs to win ...

The simple process of voting leads to surprisingly counterintuitive paradoxes. For example, if three people vote for three candidates, giving the rankings A, B, C; B, C, A; ...

The Kermack-McKendrick model is an SIR model for the number of people infected with a contagious illness in a closed population over time. It was proposed to explain the ...

A Bland-Altman plot is a data plotting method which simultaneously presents data sets from two different tests in a way that allows for easier determination of whether the ...

An endogenous variable is an economic variable that is related to other economic variables and determines their equilibrium levels.

An exogenous variable is an economic variable which is independent of the relationships determining the equilibrium levels, but nonetheless affects the equilibrium.