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The unique magic square of order three. The Lo Shu is an associative magic square, but not a panmagic square.

An array is a "list of lists" with the length of each level of list the same. The size (sometimes called the "shape") of a d-dimensional array is then indicated as ...

The clique polynomial C_G(x) for the graph G is defined as the polynomial C_G(x)=1+sum_(k=1)^(omega(G))c_kx^k, (1) where omega(G) is the clique number of G, the coefficient ...

Cospectral graphs, also called isospectral graphs, are graphs that share the same graph spectrum. The smallest pair of isospectral graphs is the graph union C_4 union K_1 and ...

Let d_G(k) be the number of dominating sets of size k in a graph G, then the domination polynomial D_G(x) of G in the variable x is defined as ...

The bandwidth of a connected graph G is the minimum matrix bandwidth among all possible adjacency matrices of graphs isomorphic to G. Equivalently, it is the minimum graph ...

Let c_k be the number of vertex covers of a graph G of size k. Then the vertex cover polynomial Psi_G(x) is defined by Psi_G(x)=sum_(k=0)^(|G|)c_kx^k, (1) where |G| is the ...

Find a way to stack a square of cannonballs laid out on the ground into a square pyramid (i.e., find a square number which is also square pyramidal). This corresponds to ...

A heterosquare is an n×n array of the integers from 1 to n^2 such that the rows, columns, and diagonals have different sums. (By contrast, in a magic square, they have the ...

An attractive tiling of the square composed of two types of triangular tiles. It consists of 16 equilateral triangles and 32 15 degrees-15 degrees-150 degrees isosceles ...