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A graph or directed graph together with a function which assigns a positive real number to each edge (Harary 1994, p. 52).

A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

The set of octonions, also sometimes called Cayley numbers and denoted O, consists of the elements in a Cayley algebra. A typical octonion is of the form ...

A set of two numbers or objects linked in some way is said to be a pair. The pair a and b is usually denoted (a, b), and is generally considered to be ordered, making it a ...

Given an integer e>=2, the Payam number E_+/-(e) is the smallest positive odd integer k such that for every positive integer n, the number k·2^n+/-1 is not divisible by any ...

The quadrifolium is the 4-petalled rose curve having n=2. It has polar equation r=asin(2theta) (1) and Cartesian equation (x^2+y^2)^3=4a^2x^2y^2. (2) The area of the ...

A sample is a subset of a population that is obtained through some process, possibly random selection or selection based on a certain set of criteria, for the purposes of ...

The rth sample central moment m_r of a sample with sample size n is defined as m_r=1/nsum_(k=1)^n(x_k-m)^r, (1) where m=m_1^' is the sample mean. The first few sample central ...

A self-dual graphs is a graph that is dual to itself. Wheel graphs are self-dual, as are the examples illustrated above. Naturally, the skeleton of a self-dual polyhedron is ...

A curve named and studied by Newton in 1701 and contained in his classification of cubic curves. It had been studied earlier by L'Hospital and Huygens in 1692 (MacTutor ...