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A quasigroup with an identity element e such that xe=x and ex=x for any x in the quasigroup. All groups are loops. In general, loops are considered to have very little in the ...

The term "arbelos" means shoemaker's knife in Greek, and this term is applied to the shaded area in the above figure which resembles the blade of a knife used by ancient ...

The Archimedean duals in general have many stellations. The following table extracted from Webb gives a partial enumeration. In the table, E denotes counts of enantiomorphous ...

The bigyrate diminished rhombicosidodecahedron is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(79). The unit bigyrate diminished rhombicosidodecahedron has volume ...

The term Bol loop refers to either of two classes of algebraic loops satisfying the so-called Bol identities. In particular, a left Bol loop is an algebraic loop L which, for ...

A Brier number is a number that is both a Riesel number and a Sierpiński number of the second kind, i.e., a number n such that for all k>=1, the numbers n·2^k+1 and n·2^k-1 ...

The central beta function is defined by beta(p)=B(p,p), (1) where B(p,q) is the beta function. It satisfies the identities beta(p) = 2^(1-2p)B(p,1/2) (2) = ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It uses weighting function W(x)=1 in the interval [-1,1] and forces all the weights to be equal. The ...

If r is the inradius of a circle inscribed in a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, then r=1/2(a+b-c). (1) A Sangaku problem dated 1803 from the Gumma ...

A confidence interval is an interval in which a measurement or trial falls corresponding to a given probability. Usually, the confidence interval of interest is symmetrically ...