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Let C_1, C_2, C_3, and C_4 be four circles of general position through a point P. Let P_(ij) be the second intersection of the circles C_i and C_j. Let C_(ijk) be the circle ...

A coaxal system is a system of coaxal circles. A spectacular example is the set of circles (circumcircle, nine-point circle, orthocentroidal circle, orthoptic circle of the ...

Members of a coaxal system satisfy x^2+y^2+2lambdax+c=(x+lambda)^2+y^2+c-lambda^2=0 for values of lambda. Picking lambda^2=c then gives the two circles (x+/-sqrt(c))^2+y^2=0 ...

An official chessboard is an 8×8 board containing squares alternating in color between olive green and buff (where "buff" is a color variously defined as a moderate orange ...

The best known packings of equilateral triangles into an equilateral triangle are illustrated above for the first few cases (Friedman). The best known packings of equilateral ...

The Heilbronn triangle problem is to place n>=3 points in a disk (square, equilateral triangle, etc.) of unit area so as to maximize the area Delta(n) of the smallest of the ...

Let G be a group, and let S subset= G be a set of group elements such that the identity element I not in S. The Cayley graph associated with (G,S) is then defined as the ...

Four circles c_1, c_2, c_3, and c_4 are tangent to a fifth circle or a straight line iff T_(12)T_(34)+/-T_(13)T_(42)+/-T_(14)T_(23)=0. (1) where T_(ij) is the length of a ...

A circle packing is an arrangement of circles inside a given boundary such that no two overlap and some (or all) of them are mutually tangent. The generalization to spheres ...

An Archimedean circle is a circle defined in the arbelos in a natural way and congruent to Archimedes' circles, i.e., having radius rho=1/2r(1-r) for an arbelos with outer ...