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The 2-cusped epicycloid is called a nephroid. The name nephroid means "kidney shaped" and was first used for the two-cusped epicycloid by Proctor in 1878 (MacTutor Archive). ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

The concept of "random close packing" was shown by Torquato et al. (2000) to be mathematically ill-defined idea that is better replaced by the notion of "maximally random ...

A hyperbola for which the asymptotes are perpendicular, also called an equilateral hyperbola or right hyperbola. This occurs when the semimajor and semiminor axes are equal. ...

In the plane, the reflection property can be stated as three theorems (Ogilvy 1990, pp. 73-77): 1. The locus of the center of a variable circle, tangent to a fixed circle and ...

A quantity which gives the inclination of a curve or line with respect to another curve or line. For a line in the xy-plane making an angle theta with the x-axis, the slope m ...

The triangle line that passes through the inner and outer Soddy centers S and S^'. The Soddy line is central line L_(657) and has trilinear equation ...

Let DeltaABC be a triangle and D a point on the side BC. Let I be the incenter, P the center of the circle tangent to the circumcircle and segments AD and BD, Q the center of ...

An n-trapezohedron, also called an antidipyramid, antibipyramid, or deltohedron (not to be confused with a deltahedron), is a solid composed of interleaved symmetric ...

There are two types of squares inscribing reference triangle DeltaABC in the sense that all vertices lie on the sidelines of ABC. The first type has two adjacent vertices of ...