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Clean tile is a game investigated by Buffon (1777) in which players bet on the number of different tiles a thrown coin will partially cover on a floor that is regularly ...

The conditional intensity lambda(t) associated to a temporal point process N is defined to be the expected infinitesimal rate at which events are expected to occur around ...

Condorcet's jury theorem states that given a group of voters (a "jury") independently choosing by majority vote between a correct outcome with probability 0<=p<=1 and an ...

A statistical distribution whose variables can take on only discrete values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 929) give a table of the parameters of most common discrete ...

The intensity measure mu of a point process X relative to a Borel set B subset R^d is defined to be the expected number of points of X falling in B. Symbolically, ...

An outlier is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution (Moore and McCabe 1999). Usually, the presence of an outlier indicates some sort of ...

Informally, the sample space for a given set of events is the set of all possible values the events may assume. Formally, the set of possible events for a given random ...

The survival function describes the probability that a variate X takes on a value greater than a number x (Evans et al. 2000, p. 6). The survival function is therefore ...

A multivariate normal distribution in three variables. It has probability density function (1) where (2) The standardized trivariate normal distribution takes unit variances ...

An alpha value is a number 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(z>=z_(observed))<=alpha is considered "significant," where P is a P-value.