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Let j_k(alpha) denote the number of cycles of length k for a permutation alpha expressed as a product of disjoint cycles. The cycle index Z(X) of a permutation group X of ...

The Descartes snarks are a set of snarks on 210 vertices and 315 edges discovered by William Tutte in 1948 writing under the pseudonym Blanche Descartes (Descartes 1948; ...

A dot plot, also called a dot chart, is a type of simple histogram-like chart used in statistics for relatively small data sets where values fall into a number of discrete ...

A principal vertex x_i of a simple polygon P is called an ear if the diagonal [x_(i-1),x_(i+1)] that bridges x_i lies entirely in P. Two ears x_i and x_j are said to overlap ...

The Egawa graph with parameters (p,s) is a distance-regular but not distance-transitive graph on 16^p4^s nodes. These graphs generalize the Doob graphs and give (s,4)-Hamming ...

A Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field is called exceptional if it is constructed from one of the root systems E_6, E_7, E_8, F_4, and G_2 by the Chevalley ...

Given a planar graph G, its geometric dual G^* is constructed by placing a vertex in each region of G (including the exterior region) and, if two regions have an edge x in ...

The skewness of a graph G is the minimum number of edges whose removal results in a planar graph (Harary 1994, p. 124). The skewness is sometimes denoted mu(G) (Cimikowski ...

Graph smoothing, also known as smoothing away or smoothing out, is the process of replacing edges e^'=v_iv_j and e^('')=v_jv_k incident at a vertex v_j of vertex degree 2 by ...

A two-dimensional grid graph, also known as a rectangular grid graph or two-dimensional lattice graph (e.g., Acharya and Gill 1981), is an m×n lattice graph that is the graph ...