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The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

The ratio X_1/X_2 of uniform variates X_1 and X_2 on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as P_(X_1/X_2)(u) = int_0^1int_0^1delta((x_1)/(x_2)-u)dx_1dx_2 (1) = ...

The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

Nice approximations for the golden ratio phi are given by phi approx sqrt((5pi)/6) (1) approx (7pi)/(5e), (2) the last of which is due to W. van Doorn (pers. comm., Jul. 18, ...

The golden ratio has decimal expansion phi=1.618033988749894848... (OEIS A001622). It can be computed to 10^(10) digits of precision in 24 CPU-minutes on modern hardware and ...

An error which is superimposed on top of a true signal. Noise may be random or systematic. Noise can be greatly reduced by transmitting signals digitally instead of in analog ...

Quantization is a nonlinear process which generates additional frequency components (Thompson et al. 1986). This means that the signal is no longer band-limited, so the ...

The first de Villiers point is the perspector of the reference triangle and its BCI triangle, which is Kimberling center X_(1127) and has triangle center function ...

An archaic term for a continued fraction.

L=sigma/(sigma_B), where sigma is the variance in a set of s Lexis trials and sigma_B is the variance assuming Bernoulli trials. If L<1, the trials are said to be subnormal, ...