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The multiplicity of a multigraph is its maximum edge multiplicity.

Newton's method for finding roots of a complex polynomial f entails iterating the function z-[f(z)/f^'(z)], which can be viewed as applying the Euler backward method with ...

The largest known prime numbers are Mersenne primes, the largest of these known as of September 2013 bing 2^(57885161)-1, which has a whopping 17425170 decimal digits. As of ...

The Mathon graphs are three strongly regular graphs on 784 vertices with regular parameters as summarized in the following tables. k spectrum regular parameters 0 ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. The figure above shows independent sets ...

A set of graph vertices A of a graph with graph edges V is independent if it contains no graph edges.

A clique of a graph G is a complete subgraph of G, and the clique of largest possible size is referred to as a maximum clique (which has size known as the (upper) clique ...

A graph G is the edge graph of a polyhedron iff G is a simple planar graph which is 3-connected.

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...