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An extended rooted binary tree satisfying the following conditions: 1. Every node has two children, each colored either red or black. 2. Every tree leaf node is colored ...

A self-complementary graph is a graph which is isomorphic to its graph complement. The numbers of simple self-complementary graphs on n=1, 2, ... nodes are 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, ...

A problem in game theory first discussed by A. Tucker. Suppose each of two prisoners A and B, who are not allowed to communicate with each other, is offered to be set free if ...

Any partition of the plane into regions of equal area has perimeter at least that of the regular hexagonal grid (i.e., the honeycomb, illustrated above). Pappus refers to the ...

The Möbius-Kantor graph is the unique cubic symmetric graph on 16 nodes, illustrated above in several embeddings. Its unique canonical LCF notation is [5,-5]^8. The ...

The utility problem posits three houses and three utility companies--say, gas, electric, and water--and asks if each utility can be connected to each house without having any ...

A number that is "close" to (but not equal to) zero may be called an almost zero. In contrast, a number or expression that is equal to zero is said to be identically zero. ...

Define f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) with x_i positive as f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=sum_(i=1)^nx_i+sum_(1<=i<=k<=n)product_(j=i)^k1/(x_j). (1) Then minf=3n-C+o(1) (2) as n increases, where the ...

The m-book graph is defined as the graph Cartesian product B_m=S_(m+1) square P_2, where S_m is a star graph and P_2 is the path graph on two nodes. The generalization of the ...

A kayak paddle graph KP(k,m,l) is the graph obtained by joining cycle graphs C_k and C_m by a path of length l (Gallian 2018). KP(3,3,1) is isomorphic to the 3-barbell graph. ...