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The word modulus has several different meanings in mathematics with respect to complex numbers, congruences, elliptic integrals, quadratic invariants, sets, etc. The modulus ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

Beautiful patterns can be created by drawing sets of nested polygons such that the incircle of the nth polygon is the circumcircle of the (n+1)st and successive polygons are ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be totally ordered sets. Let C=A×B be the Cartesian product and define order as follows. For any a_1,a_2 in A and b_1,b_2 in B, 1. If a_1<a_2, then ...

An outlier is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution (Moore and McCabe 1999). Usually, the presence of an outlier indicates some sort of ...

Given two paired sets X_i and Y_i of n measured values, the paired t-test determines whether they differ from each other in a significant way under the assumptions that the ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the parabolas of parabolic cylindrical coordinates about the x-axis, ...

Given a smooth manifold M with an open cover U_i, a partition of unity subject to the cover U_i is a collection of smooth, nonnegative functions psi_i, such that the support ...

A convex figure constructed by iteratively halving the base of an equilateral triangle and then sliding adjacent triangles so that they slightly overlap. Combining several ...

A polar zonohedron is a convex zonohedron derived from the star which joins opposite vertices of any right n-gonal prism (for n even) or antiprism (for n odd). The faces of ...