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The 27 real or imaginary lines which lie on the general cubic surface and the 45 triple tangent planes to the surface. All are related to the 28 bitangents of the general ...

Surreal numbers are the most natural collection of numbers which includes both the real numbers and the infinite ordinal numbers of Georg Cantor. They were invented by John ...

A codimension one foliation F of a 3-manifold M is said to be taut if for every leaf lambda in the leaf space L of F, there is a circle gamma_lambda transverse to F (i.e., a ...

A vector basis of a vector space V is defined as a subset v_1,...,v_n of vectors in V that are linearly independent and span V. Consequently, if (v_1,v_2,...,v_n) is a list ...

The idea of a velocity vector comes from classical physics. By representing the position and motion of a single particle using vectors, the equations for motion are simpler ...

The dodecahedral graph is the Platonic graph corresponding to the connectivity of the vertices of a dodecahedron, illustrated above in four embeddings. The left embedding ...

The Tutte 8-cage (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 59; right figure) is a cubic graph on 30 nodes and 45 edges which is the Levi graph of the Cremona-Richmond configuration. It ...

The constant e is base of the natural logarithm. e is sometimes known as Napier's constant, although its symbol (e) honors Euler. e is the unique number with the property ...

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...