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The disjoint union of two sets A and B is a binary operator that combines all distinct elements of a pair of given sets, while retaining the original set membership as a ...

An equilibrium point in game theory is a set of strategies {x^^_1,...,x^^_n} such that the ith payoff function K_i(x) is larger or equal for any other ith strategy, i.e., ...

The fundamental group of an arcwise-connected set X is the group formed by the sets of equivalence classes of the set of all loops, i.e., paths with initial and final points ...

A continuous map is a continuous function between two topological spaces. In some fields of mathematics, the term "function" is reserved for functions which are into the real ...

The transitive reflexive reduction of a partial order. An element z of a partially ordered set (X,<=) covers another element x provided that there exists no third element y ...

The interior of a set is the union of all its open subsets. More informally, the interior of geometric structure is that portion of a region lying "inside" a specified ...

A set which is connected but not simply connected is called multiply connected. A space is n-multiply connected if it is (n-1)-connected and if every map from the n-sphere ...

A subset X of R^n is star convex if there exists an x_0 in X such that the line segment from x_0 to any point in X is contained in X. A star-shaped figure is star convex but ...

Every bounded infinite set in R^n has an accumulation point. For n=1, an infinite subset of a closed bounded set S has an accumulation point in S. For instance, given a ...

Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over some field k. A subalgebra h of g is called a Cartan subalgebra if it is nilpotent and equal to its normalizer, which is the ...