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The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

An ungula is a portion of a solid of revolution obtained by cutting via a plane oblique to its base. The term derives from the Latin word ungula for the hoof of a horse. ...

In the Wolfram Language, WignerD[{j, m ,n}, psi, theta, phi] gives the m×n matrix element of a (2j+1)-dimensional unitary representation of SU(2) parametrized by three Euler ...

The solid angle Omega subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area Omega of a unit sphere covered by the surface's projection onto the sphere. This can be written ...

A Bessel function Z_n(x) is a function defined by the recurrence relations Z_(n+1)+Z_(n-1)=(2n)/xZ_n (1) and Z_(n+1)-Z_(n-1)=-2(dZ_n)/(dx). (2) The Bessel functions are more ...

A great circle is a section of a sphere that contains a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87). Sections of the sphere that do not contain a diameter are called ...

Attach a string to a point on a curve. Extend the string so that it is tangent to the curve at the point of attachment. Then wind the string up, keeping it always taut. The ...

A theorem which asserts that if a sequence or function behaves regularly, then some average of it behaves regularly. For example, A(x)∼x implies A_1(x)=int_0^xA(t)dt∼1/2x^2 ...

The function psi(x)={sin(x/c) |x|<cpi; 0 |x|>cpi, (1) which occurs in estimation theory.

Shapes such as segments or angles appear larger when placed inside a larger angle.