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A function with k continuous derivatives is called a C^k function. In order to specify a C^k function on a domain X, the notation C^k(X) is used. The most common C^k space is ...

There are two curves known as the butterfly curve. The first is the sextic plane curve given by the implicit equation y^6=x^2-x^6 (1) (Cundy and Rollett 1989, p. 72; left ...

The inverse erf function is the inverse function erf^(-1)(z) of the erf function erf(x) such that erf(erf^(-1)(x)) = x (1) erf^(-1)(erf(x)) = x, (2) with the first identity ...

A spherical cap is the region of a sphere which lies above (or below) a given plane. If the plane passes through the center of the sphere, the cap is a called a hemisphere, ...

A complete oriented graph (Skiena 1990, p. 175), i.e., a graph in which every pair of nodes is connected by a single uniquely directed edge. The first and second 3-node ...

Generally speaking, a Green's function is an integral kernel that can be used to solve differential equations from a large number of families including simpler examples such ...

The parabolic cylinder functions are a class of functions sometimes called Weber functions. There are a number of slightly different definitions in use by various authors. ...

An m×n matrix which gives the possible outcome of a two-person zero-sum game when player A has m possible moves and player B n moves. The analysis of the matrix in order to ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

An (ordinary) torus is a surface having genus one, and therefore possessing a single "hole" (left figure). The single-holed "ring" torus is known in older literature as an ...