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The Casoratian of sequences x_n^((1)), x_n^((2)), ..., x_n^((k)) is defined by the k×k determinant C(x_n^((1)),x_n^((2)),...,x_n^((k))) =|x_n^((1)) x_n^((2)) ... x_n^((k)); ...

If P(x) is an irreducible cubic polynomial all of whose roots are real, then to obtain them by radicals, you must take roots of nonreal numbers at some point.

Find consecutive powers, i.e., solutions to x^p-y^q=+/-1, excluding 0 and 1. Catalan's conjecture states that the only solution is 3^2-2^3=1, so 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the ...

A chiral knot is a knot which is not capable of being continuously deformed into its own mirror image. A knot that can be so deformed is then called an amphichiral knot. ...

In Homogeneous coordinates (x_1,x_2,x_3), the equation of a circle C is a(x_1^2+x_2^2)+2fx_2x_3+2gx_1x_3+cx_3^2=0. The discriminant of this circle is defined as Delta=|a 0 g; ...

A mathematical structure A is said to be closed under an operation + if, whenever a and b are both elements of A, then so is a+b. A mathematical object taken together with ...

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. For an appropriately defined affine space A, K is called the coefficient field.

The conversion of a quadratic polynomial of the form ax^2+bx+c to the form a(x+b/(2a))^2+(c-(b^2)/(4a)), which, defining B=b/2a and C=c-b^2/4a, simplifies to a(x+B)^2+C.

If two numbers b and c have the property that their difference b-c is integrally divisible by a number m (i.e., (b-c)/m is an integer), then b and c are said to be "congruent ...

A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...