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An equation of the form y=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d, (1) where two of the roots of the equation coincide (and all three are therefore real), i.e., y = a(x-r_1)^2(x-r_2) (2) = ...

Characterized by allowing only integer values.

A pair of conics obtained by expanding an equation in Monge's form z=F(x,y) in a Maclaurin series z = z(0,0)+z_1x+z_2y+1/2(z_(11)x^2+2z_(12)xy+z_(22)y^2)+... (1) = ...

A method which can be used to solve any quadratic congruence equation. This technique relies on the fact that solving x^2=b (mod p) is equivalent to finding a value y such ...

Ferrari's identity is the algebraic identity

The Fourier transform of the generalized function 1/x is given by F_x(-PV1/(pix))(k) = -1/piPVint_(-infty)^infty(e^(-2piikx))/xdx (1) = ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2=p can be solved for p a prime iff p=1 (mod 4) or p=2. The representation is unique except for changes of sign or rearrangements of x and y. ...

The pedal curve for an n-cusped hypocycloid x = a((n-1)cost+cos[(n-1)t])/n (1) y = a((n-1)sint-sin[(n-1)t])/n (2) with pedal point at the origin is the curve x_p = ...

A function which is not defined explicitly, but rather is defined in terms of an algebraic relationship (which can not, in general, be "solved" for the function in question). ...

A sequence X_1, X_2, ... of random variates is called Markov (or Markoff) if, for any n, F(X_n|X_(n-1),X_(n-2),...,X_1)=F(X_n|X_(n-1)), i.e., if the conditional distribution ...