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An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. An outer automorphism of G is an automorphism which cannot ...

If a circular pizza is divided into 8, 12, 16, ... slices by making cuts at equal angles from an arbitrary point, then the sums of the areas of alternate slices are equal. ...

To compute an integral of the form int(dx)/(a+bx+cx^2), (1) complete the square in the denominator to obtain int(dx)/(a+bx+cx^2)=1/cint(dx)/((x+b/(2c))^2+(a/c-(b^2)/(4c^2))). ...

The derivative rule d/(dx)[(f(x))/(g(x))]=(g(x)f^'(x)-f(x)g^'(x))/([g(x)]^2).

If the matrices A, X, B, and C satisfy AX-XB=C, then [I X; 0 I][A C; 0 B][I -X; 0 I]=[A 0; 0 B], where I is the identity matrix.

The semimajor axis (also called the major semi-axis, major semiaxis, or major radius) of an ellipse (or related figure) is half its extent along the longer of the two ...

The semiminor axis (also called the minor semi-axis, minor semiaxis, or minor radius) of an ellipse (or related figure) is half its extent along the shorter of the two ...

A plot of a function expressed in spherical coordinates, with radius r as a function of angles theta and phi. Polar plots can be drawn using SphericalPlot3D[r, {phi, phimin, ...

A Steinmetz curve is a curve of intersection of two perpendicularly placed cylinders of radii a and b comprising a Steinmetz solid. If the vertical cylinder has radius a and ...

A function f:{0,1}^(l(n))×{0,1}^n->{0,1}^(m(n)) is a trapdoor one-way hash function if f is a trapdoor one-way function and is also a one-way hash function, i.e., if, ...