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A number x such that for all epsilon>0, there exists a member of the set y different from x such that |y-x|<epsilon. The topological definition of limit point P of A is that ...

A curvilinear polygon built up of circular arcs. The Reuleaux polygon is a generalization of the Reuleaux triangle and, for an odd number of sides, is a curve of constant ...

Vizing's theorem states that a graph can be edge-colored in either Delta or Delta+1 colors, where Delta is the maximum vertex degree of the graph. A graph with edge chromatic ...

Let G be an undirected graph, and let i denote the cardinal number of the set of externally active edges of a spanning tree T of G, j denote the cardinal number of the set of ...

Let Pi be a permutation of n elements, and let alpha_i be the number of permutation cycles of length i in this permutation. Picking Pi at random, it turns out that ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings in ...

The Frobenius equation is the Diophantine equation a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=b, where the a_i are positive integers, b is an integer, and the solutions x_i are nonnegative ...

If the period of a repeating decimal for a/p, where p is prime and a/p is a reduced fraction, has an even number of digits, then dividing the repeating portion into halves ...

A division algebra, also called a "division ring" or "skew field," is a ring in which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse, but multiplication is not ...

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...