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A monoid is a set that is closed under an associative binary operation and has an identity element I in S such that for all a in S, Ia=aI=a. Note that unlike a group, its ...

A monotonic function is a function which is either entirely nonincreasing or nondecreasing. A function is monotonic if its first derivative (which need not be continuous) ...

A monotonic matrix of order n is an n×n matrix in which every element is either 0 or contains a number from the set {1,...,n} subject to the conditions 1. The filled-in ...

The monster group is the highest order sporadic group M. It has group order |M| = (1) = (2) where the divisors are precisely the 15 supersingular primes (Ogg 1980). The ...

In 1979, Conway and Norton discovered an unexpected intimate connection between the monster group M and the j-function. The Fourier expansion of j(tau) is given by (1) (OEIS ...

In order to integrate a function over a complicated domain D, Monte Carlo integration picks random points over some simple domain D^' which is a superset of D, checks whether ...

Let f(z) be an analytic function of z, regular in the half-strip S defined by a<x<b and y>0. If f(z) is bounded in S and tends to a limit l as y->infty for a certain fixed ...

Given an m×n matrix B, the Moore-Penrose generalized matrix inverse is a unique n×m matrix pseudoinverse B^+. This matrix was independently defined by Moore in 1920 and ...

A square-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

For elliptic curves over the rationals Q, the group of rational points is always finitely generated (i.e., there always exists a finite set of group generators). This theorem ...