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If a number fails Miller's primality test for some base a, it is not a prime. If the number passes, it may be a prime. A composite number passing Miller's test is called a ...

There are many formulas of pi of many types. Among others, these include series, products, geometric constructions, limits, special values, and pi iterations. pi is ...

If there is an integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), (1) i.e., the congruence (1) has a solution, then q is said to be a quadratic residue (mod p). Note that the trivial ...

A prime number (or prime integer, often simply called a "prime" for short) is a positive integer p>1 that has no positive integer divisors other than 1 and p itself. More ...

Sylvester's four-point problem asks for the probability q(R) that four points chosen at random in a planar region R have a convex hull which is a quadrilateral (Sylvester ...

The Möbius strip, also called the twisted cylinder (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a one-sided nonorientable surface obtained by cutting a closed band into a single strip, giving ...

The algebraics, sometimes denoted A (Derbyshire 2004, p. 173), are the set of algebraic numbers. The set of algebraic numbers is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

A transformation in which coordinates in two spaces are expressed rationally in terms of those in another.

A common fraction is a fraction in which numerator and denominator are both integers, as opposed to fractions. For example, 2/5 is a common fraction, while (1/3)/(2/5) is ...

Complex infinity is an infinite number in the complex plane whose complex argument is unknown or undefined. Complex infinity may be returned by the Wolfram Language, where it ...