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If a number fails Miller's primality test for some base a, it is not a prime. If the number passes, it may be a prime. A composite number passing Miller's test is called a ...

If there is an integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), (1) i.e., the congruence (1) has a solution, then q is said to be a quadratic residue (mod p). Note that the trivial ...

The Möbius strip, also called the twisted cylinder (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a one-sided nonorientable surface obtained by cutting a closed band into a single strip, giving ...

The algebraics, sometimes denoted A (Derbyshire 2004, p. 173), are the set of algebraic numbers. The set of algebraic numbers is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

A transformation in which coordinates in two spaces are expressed rationally in terms of those in another.

A common fraction is a fraction in which numerator and denominator are both integers, as opposed to fractions. For example, 2/5 is a common fraction, while (1/3)/(2/5) is ...

Complex infinity is an infinite number in the complex plane whose complex argument is unknown or undefined. Complex infinity may be returned by the Wolfram Language, where it ...

A complex map is a map f:C->C. The following table lists several common types of complex maps. map formula domain complex magnification f(z)=az a in R, a>0 complex rotation ...

One of the Plücker characteristics, defined by p=1/2(n-1)(n-2)-(delta+kappa)=1/2(m-1)(m-2)-(tau+iota), where m is the class, n the order, delta the number of nodes, kappa the ...

A directed infinity in direction z is an infinite numerical quantity that is a positive real multiple of the complex number z. Directed infinity may be returned in the ...