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A proper factor of a positive integer n is a factor of n other than 1 or n (Derbyshire 2004, p. 32). For example, 2 and 3 are positive proper factors of 6, but 1 and 6 are ...

A proper fraction is a fraction p/q with p,q>0 such that p/q<1. A fraction p/q>1 is called an improper fraction.

A removable singularity is a singular point z_0 of a function f(z) for which it is possible to assign a complex number in such a way that f(z) becomes analytic. A more ...

A negative number multiplied by another negative number gives a positive number.

A pair (M,omega), where M is a manifold and omega is a symplectic form on M. The phase space R^(2n)=R^n×R^n is a symplectic manifold. Near every point on a symplectic ...

For a set of positive gamma_k, k=0, 1, 2..., Turán's inequalities are given by gamma_k^2-gamma_(k-1)gamma_(k+1)>=0 for k=1, 2, ....

The limit of an upper sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

For a given bounded function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the upper sum is the sum of box areas M^*Deltax_k using the supremum M of the function f(x) in each ...

The quantity which a function f takes upon application to a given quantity.

Denote the nth derivative D^n and the n-fold integral D^(-n). Then D^(-1)f(t)=int_0^tf(xi)dxi. (1) Now, if the equation D^(-n)f(t)=1/((n-1)!)int_0^t(t-xi)^(n-1)f(xi)dxi (2) ...