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Let A^~, B^~, ... be operators. Then the commutator of A^~ and B^~ is defined as [A^~,B^~]=A^~B^~-B^~A^~. (1) Let a, b, ... be constants, then identities include [f(x),x] = 0 ...

Conjugation is the process of taking a complex conjugate of a complex number, complex matrix, etc., or of performing a conjugation move on a knot. Conjugation also has a ...

The symbol union , used for the union of sets, and, sometimes, also for the logical connective OR instead of the symbol v (vee). In fact, for any two sets A and B x in A ...

Let (q_1,...,q_n,p_1,...,p_n) be any functions of two variables (u,v). Then the expression ...

A rational function P(x)/Q(x) can be rewritten using what is known as partial fraction decomposition. This procedure often allows integration to be performed on each term ...

Let u and v be any functions of a set of variables (q_1,...,q_n,p_1,...,p_n). Then the expression ...

The Smale horseshoe map consists of a sequence of operations on the unit square. First, stretch in the y direction by more than a factor of two, then compress in the x ...

A plane is a two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors. The generalization of the plane to higher dimensions is called a hyperplane. ...

Two lines PQ and RS are said to be antiparallel with respect to the sides of an angle A if they make the same angle in the opposite senses with the bisector of that angle. If ...

The inverse tangent integral Ti_2(x) is defined in terms of the dilogarithm Li_2(x) by Li_2(ix)=1/4Li_2(-x^2)+iTi_2(x) (1) (Lewin 1958, p. 33). It has the series ...