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Let a Gram point g_n be called "good" if (-1)^nZ(g_n)>0, and "bad" otherwise (Rosser et al. 1969; Edwards 2001, p. 180). Then the interval between two consecutive good Gram ...

An extension of a group H by a group N is a group G with a normal subgroup M such that M=N and G/M=H. This information can be encoded into a short exact sequence of groups ...

The Zariski topology is a topology that is well-suited for the study of polynomial equations in algebraic geometry, since a Zariski topology has many fewer open sets than in ...

Let f(x,y)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y), (1) where z=x+iy, (2) so dz=dx+idy. (3) The total derivative of f with respect to z is then (df)/(dz) = ...

Cubic lattice sums include the following: b_2(2s) = sum^'_(i,j=-infty)^infty((-1)^(i+j))/((i^2+j^2)^s) (1) b_3(2s) = ...

There are several statistical quantities called means, e.g., harmonic mean, geometric mean, arithmetic-geometric mean, and root-mean-square. When applied to two elements a ...

The term "pathological" is used in mathematics to refer to an example specifically cooked up to violate certain almost universally valid properties. Pathological problems ...

"Stampacchia's theorem" is a name given to any number of related results in functional analysis, and while the body of the theorem often varies depending on the literature ...

An Eisenstein series with half-period ratio tau and index r is defined by G_r(tau)=sum^'_(m=-infty)^inftysum^'_(n=-infty)^infty1/((m+ntau)^r), (1) where the sum sum^(') ...

The Wallis formula follows from the infinite product representation of the sine sinx=xproduct_(n=1)^infty(1-(x^2)/(pi^2n^2)). (1) Taking x=pi/2 gives ...