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The notion of height is defined for proper ideals in a commutative Noetherian unit ring R. The height of a proper prime ideal P of R is the maximum of the lengths n of the ...

The radical of an ideal a in a ring R is the ideal which is the intersection of all prime ideals containing a. Note that any ideal is contained in a maximal ideal, which is ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

The imaginary part I[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number multiplying i, so I[x+iy]=y. In terms of z itself, I[z]=(z-z^_)/(2i), where z^_ is the complex conjugate ...

A special nonsingular map from one manifold to another such that at every point in the domain of the map, the derivative is an injective linear transformation. This is ...

Implicit differentiation is the procedure of differentiating an implicit equation with respect to the desired variable x while treating the other variables as unspecified ...

An improper integral is a definite integral that has either or both limits infinite or an integrand that approaches infinity at one or more points in the range of ...