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A theorem sometimes called "Euclid's first theorem" or Euclid's principle states that if p is a prime and p|ab, then p|a or p|b (where | means divides). A corollary is that ...

An Eulerian graph is a graph containing an Eulerian cycle. The numbers of Eulerian graphs with n=1, 2, ... nodes are 1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 15, 52, 236, ... (OEIS A133736), the first ...

The word "graph" has (at least) two meanings in mathematics. In elementary mathematics, "graph" refers to a function graph or "graph of a function," i.e., a plot. In a ...

The thickness (or depth) t(G) (Skiena 1990, p. 251; Beineke 1997) or theta(G) (Harary 1994, p. 120) of a graph G is the minimum number of planar edge-induced subgraphs P_i of ...

A Hamiltonian graph, also called a Hamilton graph, is a graph possessing a Hamiltonian cycle. A graph that is not Hamiltonian is said to be nonhamiltonian. A Hamiltonian ...

The happy end problem, also called the "happy ending problem," is the problem of determining for n>=3 the smallest number of points g(n) in general position in the plane ...

The inverse sine is the multivalued function sin^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arcsinz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 307; ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings in ...

The orchard-planting problem (also known as the orchard problem or tree-planting problem) asks that n trees be planted so that there will be r(n,k) straight rows with k trees ...

Assume that n numbered pancakes are stacked, and that a spatula can be used to reverse the order of the top k pancakes for 2<=k<=n. Then the pancake sorting problem asks how ...