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Minkowski's question mark function is the function y=?(x) defined by Minkowski for the purpose of mapping the quadratic surds in the open interval (0,1) into the rational ...

If g(theta) is a trigonometric polynomial of degree m satisfying the condition |g(theta)|<=1 where theta is arbitrary and real, then g^'(theta)<=m.

The partial differential equation R[u](u_(rr)+(u_r)/r+u_(zz))=u_r^2+u_z^2, where R[u] is the real part of u (Calogero and Degasperis 1982, p. 62; Zwillinger 1997, p. 131).

Gives a lower bound for the inner product (Lu,u), where L is a linear elliptic real differential operator of order m, and u has compact support.

Let A=a_(ik) be an arbitrary n×n nonsingular matrix with real elements and determinant |A|, then |A|^2<=product_(i=1)^n(sum_(k=1)^na_(ik)^2).

Let |A| be an n×n determinant with complex (or real) elements a_(ij), then |A|!=0 if |a_(ii)|>sum_(j=1; j!=i)^n|a_(ij)|.

A line bundle is a special case of a vector bundle in which the fiber is either R, in the case of a real line bundle, or C, in the case of a complex line bundle.

The geometry of the Lie group consisting of real matrices of the form [1 x y; 0 1 z; 0 0 1], i.e., the Heisenberg group.

If f(x) is a monotonically increasing integrable function on [a,b] with f(b)<=0, then if g is a real function integrable on [a,b], ...

All elementary functions can be extended to the complex plane. Such definitions agree with the real definitions on the x-axis and constitute an analytic continuation.