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Construct a chain C of 2n components in a solid torus V. Now thicken each component of C slightly to form a chain C_1 of 2n solid tori in V, where pi_1(V-C_1)=pi_1(V-C) via ...

An Appell sequence is a Sheffer sequence for (g(t),t). Roman (1984, pp. 86-106) summarizes properties of Appell sequences and gives a number of specific examples. The ...

There are a number of meanings for the word "arc" in mathematics. In general, an arc is any smooth curve joining two points. The length of an arc is known as its arc length. ...

Take K a number field and L an Abelian extension, then form a prime divisor m that is divided by all ramified primes of the extension L/K. Now define a map phi_(L/K) from the ...

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...

A path constructed by repeatedly finding a path of positive capacity from a source to a sink and then adding it to the flow (Skiena 1990, p. 237). An augmenting path for a ...

An Aztec diamond of order n is the region obtained from four staircase shapes of height n by gluing them together along the straight edges. It can therefore be defined as the ...

A 1-variable unoriented knot polynomial Q(x). It satisfies Q_(unknot)=1 (1) and the skein relationship Q_(L_+)+Q_(L_-)=x(Q_(L_0)+Q_(L_infty)). (2) It also satisfies ...

Consider an infinite repository containing balls of n different types. Then the following table summarizes the number of distinct ways in which k balls can be picked for four ...

First stated in 1924, the Banach-Tarski paradox states that it is possible to decompose a ball into six pieces which can be reassembled by rigid motions to form two balls of ...