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A mathematical statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another. "a is less than b" is denoted a<b, and "a is greater than b" is denoted a>b. "a is less than ...

The Kuen surface is a special case of Enneper's negative curvature surfaces which can be given parametrically by x = (2(cosu+usinu)sinv)/(1+u^2sin^2v) (1) = ...

The gnomon was an L-shaped movable sundial used for astronomical studies. It operated by resting on one leg so that the other pointed vertically upward. By measuring the ...

The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...

A class of curve defined at integer values which hops from one value to another. Their name derives from the Greek word betaalphataurhoalphachiiotaomicronnu batrachion, which ...

In the American system, one billion equals 10^9=1000000000. In the French and German systems, one billion equals 10^(12). In recent years, the "American" system has become ...

The Diophantine equation sum_(j=1)^(m-1)j^n=m^n. Erdős conjectured that there is no solution to this equation other than the trivial solution 1^1+2^1=3^1, although this ...

The Feit-Thompson conjecture asserts that there are no primes p and q for which (p^q-1)/(p-1) and (q^p-1)/(q-1) have a common factor. Parker noticed that if this were true, ...

There are so many theorems due to Fermat that the term "Fermat's theorem" is best avoided unless augmented by a description of which theorem of Fermat is under discussion. ...

An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...