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A subset G subset R of the real numbers is said to be a G_delta set provided G is the countable intersection of open sets. The name G_delta comes from German: The G stands ...

The term "gradient" has several meanings in mathematics. The simplest is as a synonym for slope. The more general gradient, called simply "the" gradient in vector analysis, ...

A hyperfunction, discovered by Mikio Sato in 1958, is defined as a pair of holomorphic functions (f,g) which are separated by a boundary gamma. If gamma is taken to be a ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have an infinite discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that either (or both) of the lower or upper limits of ...

The (associated) Legendre function of the first kind P_n^m(z) is the solution to the Legendre differential equation which is regular at the origin. For m,n integers and z ...

Let x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) and y=(y_1,y_2,...,y_n) be nonincreasing sequences of real numbers. Then x majorizes y if, for each k=1, 2, ..., n, sum_(i=1)^kx_i>=sum_(i=1)^ky_i, ...

The equation x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2-2x_0x_infty=0 represents an n-dimensional hypersphere S^n as a quadratic hypersurface in an (n+1)-dimensional real projective space ...

Let J_nu(z) be a Bessel function of the first kind, Y_nu(z) a Bessel function of the second kind, and K_nu(z) a modified Bessel function of the first kind. Then ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

Given n metric spaces X_1,X_2,...,X_n, with metrics g_1,g_2,...,g_n respectively, the product metric g_1×g_2×...×g_n is a metric on the Cartesian product X_1×X_2×...×X_n ...