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Given an arrangement of points, a line containing just two of them is called an ordinary line. Dirac (1951) conjectured that every sufficiently set of n noncollinear points ...

The Penrose triangle, also called the tribar (Cerf), tri-bar (Ernst 1987), impossible tribar (Pappas 1989, p. 13), or impossible triangle, is an impossible figure published ...

The pentaflake is a fractal with 5-fold symmetry. As illustrated above, five pentagons can be arranged around an identical pentagon to form the first iteration of the ...

Plouffe's constants are numbers arising in summations of series related to r_n=f(2^n) where f is a trigonometric function. Define the Iverson bracket function rho(x)={1 for ...

The Poincaré hyperbolic disk is a two-dimensional space having hyperbolic geometry defined as the disk {x in R^2:|x|<1}, with hyperbolic metric ...

A factor of a polynomial P(x) of degree n is a polynomial Q(x) of degree less than n which can be multiplied by another polynomial R(x) of degree less than n to yield P(x), ...

A graph with projective plane crossing number equal to 0 may be said to be projective planar. Examples of projective planar graphs with graph crossing number >=2 include the ...

The Remez algorithm (Remez 1934), also called the Remez exchange algorithm, is an application of the Chebyshev alternation theorem that constructs the polynomial of best ...

In analysis, the phrase "Riesz-Fischer theorem" is used to describe a number of results concerning the convergence of Cauchy sequences in L-p spaces. The theorem is named for ...

Ruffini's rule a shortcut method for dividing a polynomial by a linear factor of the form x-a which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method ...