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A number which is simultaneously square and triangular. Let T_n denote the nth triangular number and S_m the mth square number, then a number which is both triangular and ...

Start with an integer n, known as the digitaddition generator. Add the sum of the digitaddition generator's digits to obtain the digitaddition n^'. A number can have more ...

An ellipse is a curve that is the locus of all points in the plane the sum of whose distances r_1 and r_2 from two fixed points F_1 and F_2 (the foci) separated by a distance ...

The adjacency matrix, sometimes also called the connection matrix, of a simple labeled graph is a matrix with rows and columns labeled by graph vertices, with a 1 or 0 in ...

An affine variety V is an algebraic variety contained in affine space. For example, {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0} (1) is the cone, and {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0,ax+by+cz=0} (2) is a ...

The apeirogon is an extension of the definition of regular polygon to a figure with an infinite number of sides. Its Schläfli symbol is {infty}. The apeirogon can produce a ...

The Borromean rings, also called the Borromean links (Livingston 1993, p. 10) are three mutually interlocked rings (left figure), named after the Italian Renaissance family ...

A Chaitin's constant, also called a Chaitin omega number, introduced by Chaitin (1975), is the halting probability of a universal prefix-free (self-delimiting) Turing ...

The complete elliptic integral of the first kind K(k), illustrated above as a function of the elliptic modulus k, is defined by K(k) = F(1/2pi,k) (1) = ...

For a bivariate normal distribution, the distribution of correlation coefficients is given by P(r) = (1) = (2) = (3) where rho is the population correlation coefficient, ...