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A primitive Pythagorean triple is a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c) such that GCD(a,b,c)=1, where GCD is the greatest common divisor. A right triangle whose side lengths give a ...

Prince Rupert's cube is the largest cube that can be made to pass through a given cube. In other words, the cube having a side length equal to the side length of the largest ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

Proper covers are defined as covers of a set X which do not contain the entire set X itself as a subset (Macula 1994). Of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

A positive proper divisor is a positive divisor of a number n, excluding n itself. For example, 1, 2, and 3 are positive proper divisors of 6, but 6 itself is not. The number ...

A Proth number is a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. The 2^n>k condition is needed since otherwise, every odd number >1 would be a ...

A pseudoforest is an undirected graph in which every connected component contains at most one graph cycle. A pseudotree is therefore a connected pseudoforest and a forest ...

The case of the Weierstrass elliptic function with invariants g_2=-1 and g_3=0. The half-periods for this case are L(1+i)/4 and L(-1+i)/4, where L is the lemniscate constant ...