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Analysis of data ordered by the time the data were collected (usually spaced at equal intervals), called a time series. Common examples of a time series are daily temperature ...

A derangement is a permutation in which none of the objects appear in their "natural" (i.e., ordered) place. For example, the only derangements of {1,2,3} are {2,3,1} and ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

The star graph S_n of order n, sometimes simply known as an "n-star" (Harary 1994, pp. 17-18; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 248; Tutte 2005, p. 23), is a tree on n nodes with ...

A modified Miller's primality test which gives a guarantee of primality or compositeness. The algorithm's running time for a number n has been proved to be as ...

The lines connecting the vertices and corresponding circle-circle intersections in Malfatti's problem coincide in a point X_(179) called the first Ajima-Malfatti point ...

The associated Stirling numbers of the first kind d_2(n,k)=d(n,k) are defined as the number of permutations of a given number n having exactly k permutation cycles, all of ...

A braid with M strands and R components with P positive crossings and N negative crossings satisfies |P-N|<=2U+M-R<=P+N, where U is the unknotting number. While the second ...

A fundamental system of logic based on the concept of a generalized function whose argument is also a function (Schönfinkel 1924). This mathematical discipline was ...

A method of computing the determinant of a square matrix due to Charles Dodgson (1866) (who is more famous under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll). The method is useful for hand ...