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If a field has the property that, if the sets A_1, ..., A_n, ... belong to it, then so do the sets A_1+...+A_n+... and A_1...A_n..., then the field is called a Borel field ...

The equation f(x_n|x_s)=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x_n|x_r)f(x_r|x_s)dx_r which gives the transitional densities of a Markov sequence. Here, n>r>s are any integers (Papoulis 1984, ...

The conditional probability of an event A assuming that B has occurred, denoted P(A|B), equals P(A|B)=(P(A intersection B))/(P(B)), (1) which can be proven directly using a ...

For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).

f(x)=1/x-|_1/x_| for x in [0,1], where |_x_| is the floor function. The natural invariant of the map is rho(y)=1/((1+y)ln2).

There are two similar but distinct concepts related to equidecomposability: "equidecomposable" and "equidecomposable by dissection." The difference is in that the pieces ...

There exists an absolute constant C such that for any positive integer m, the discrepancy of any sequence {alpha_n} satisfies ...

Exotic cohomology is a cohomology theory that extends index theory to a larger class of manifolds.

An experiment E(S,F,P) is defined (Papoulis 1984, p. 30) as a mathematical object consisting of the following elements. 1. A set S (the probability space) of elements. 2. A ...

The Heilbronn triangle problem is to place n>=3 points in a disk (square, equilateral triangle, etc.) of unit area so as to maximize the area Delta(n) of the smallest of the ...