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The excentral-hexyl ellipse is the ellipse passing through vertices of the excentral and hexyl triangles (P. Moses, pers. comm., Jan. 29, 2005). It has center at the ...

The fitting subgroup is the subgroup generated by all normal nilpotent subgroups of a group H, denoted F(H). In the case of a finite group, the subgroup generated will itself ...

There are three types of so-called fundamental forms. The most important are the first and second (since the third can be expressed in terms of these). The fundamental forms ...

A group homomorphism is a map f:G->H between two groups such that the group operation is preserved:f(g_1g_2)=f(g_1)f(g_2) for all g_1,g_2 in G, where the product on the ...

A Hermitian inner product on a complex vector space V is a complex-valued bilinear form on V which is antilinear in the second slot, and is positive definite. That is, it ...

Given two modules M and N over a unit ring R, Hom_R(M,N) denotes the set of all module homomorphisms from M to N. It is an R-module with respect to the addition of maps, ...

The ratio of the independence number of a graph G to its vertex count is known as the independence ratio of G (Bollobás 1981). The product of the chromatic number and ...

Two variates A and B are statistically independent iff the conditional probability P(A|B) of A given B satisfies P(A|B)=P(A), (1) in which case the probability of A and B is ...

A differential ideal is an ideal I in the ring of smooth forms on a manifold M. That is, it is closed under addition, scalar multiplication, and wedge product with an ...

An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...