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A Poisson process is a process satisfying the following properties: 1. The numbers of changes in nonoverlapping intervals are independent for all intervals. 2. The ...

If f:D->Y is a map (a.k.a. function, transformation, etc.) over a domain D, then the range of f, also called the image of D under f, is defined as the set of all values that ...

The icosahedral graph is the Platonic graph whose nodes have the connectivity of the regular icosahedron, as well as the great dodecahedron, great icosahedron Jessen's ...

Abstract algebra is the set of advanced topics of algebra that deal with abstract algebraic structures rather than the usual number systems. The most important of these ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts that sets formed by the same elements are equal, forall x(x in a=x in b)=>a=b. Note that some texts (e.g., Devlin ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence for any set a and a formula A(y) of a set x consisting of all elements of a satisfying A(y), exists x ...

Let A^~, B^~, ... be operators. Then the commutator of A^~ and B^~ is defined as [A^~,B^~]=A^~B^~-B^~A^~. (1) Let a, b, ... be constants, then identities include [f(x),x] = 0 ...

A cyclotomic field Q(zeta) is obtained by adjoining a primitive root of unity zeta, say zeta^n=1, to the rational numbers Q. Since zeta is primitive, zeta^k is also an nth ...

A technique in set theory invented by P. Cohen (1963, 1964, 1966) and used to prove that the axiom of choice and continuum hypothesis are independent of one another in ...

An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...