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Let A be a non-unital C^*-algebra. There is a unique (up to isomorphism) unital C^*-algebra which contains A as an essential ideal and is maximal in the sense that any other ...

A multistable polyhedron is a polyhedron that can change form from one stable configuration to another with only a slight transient nondestructive elastic stretch (Goldberg ...

Consider a knot as being formed from two tangles. The following three operations are called mutations. 1. Cut the knot open along four points on each of the four strings ...

An N-cluster is a point lattice configuration in which the distance between every pair of points is an integer, no three points are collinear, and no four points are ...

The set of natural numbers (the positive integers Z-+ 1, 2, 3, ...; OEIS A000027), denoted N, also called the whole numbers. Like whole numbers, there is no general agreement ...

A predicate in logic equivalent to the composition NOT OR that yields false if any condition is true, and true if all conditions are false. A NOR B is equivalent to !(A v B), ...

An connective in logic which converts true to false and false to true. NOT A is denoted !A, ¬A, A^_ (Simpson 1987, p. 537) or ∼A (Carnap 1958, p. 7; Mendelson 1997, p. 12). ...

A problem which is both NP (verifiable in nondeterministic polynomial time) and NP-hard (any NP-problem can be translated into this problem). Examples of NP-hard problems ...

Let a spherical triangle have sides a, b, and c with A, B, and C the corresponding opposite angles. Then (sin[1/2(A-B)])/(sin[1/2(A+B)]) = (tan[1/2(a-b)])/(tan(1/2c)) (1) ...

The Napoleon-Feuerbach cubic is the pivotal isogonal cubic with nine-point center N as the pivot point. It therefore has trilinear equation ...