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A multivariate is a vector each of whose elements is a variate. The variates need not be independent, and if they are not, a correlation is said to exist between them. The ...

A method for fitting a curve (not necessarily a straight line) through a set of points using some goodness-of-fit criterion. The most common type of regression is linear ...

For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A sultan has granted a commoner a chance to marry one of his n daughters. The commoner will be presented with the daughters one at a time and, when each daughter is ...

What is the probability that a chord drawn at random on a circle of radius r (i.e., circle line picking) has length >=r (or sometimes greater than or equal to the side length ...

Let x=[a_0;a_1,...]=a_0+1/(a_1+1/(a_2+1/(a_3+...))) (1) be the simple continued fraction of a "generic" real number x, where the numbers a_i are the partial denominator. ...

Fisher's exact test is a statistical test used to determine if there are nonrandom associations between two categorical variables. Let there exist two such variables X and Y, ...

A p-variate multivariate normal distribution (also called a multinormal distribution) is a generalization of the bivariate normal distribution. The p-multivariate ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma, sometimes also called 'Euler's constant' or 'the Euler constant' (but not to be confused with the constant e=2.718281...) is defined as ...