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If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...

The Byzantine generals problem considers a computer with many programs running, some of them possibly unfriendly, and asks how the computer can function properly. More ...

The Cauchy remainder is a different form of the remainder term than the Lagrange remainder. The Cauchy remainder after n terms of the Taylor series for a function f(x) ...

An Cesàro equation is a natural equation which expresses a curve in terms of its arc length function s(t) and radius of curvature rho(t) (or equivalently, the curvature ...

A generalization of Grassmann coordinates to m-D algebraic varieties of degree d in P^n, where P^n is an n-dimensional projective space. To define the Chow coordinates, take ...

y=x(dy)/(dx)+f((dy)/(dx)) (1) or y=px+f(p), (2) where f is a function of one variable and p=dy/dx. The general solution is y=cx+f(c). (3) The singular solution envelopes are ...

A topological space X such that for every closed subset C of X and every point x in X\C, there is a continuous function f:X->[0,1] such that f(x)=0 and f(C)={1}. This is the ...

In 1989, P. Yff proved there is a unique configuration of isoscelizers for a given triangle such that all three have the same length and are concurrent (C. Kimberling, pers. ...

The coversine is a little-used entire trigonometric function defined by covers(z) = versin(1/2pi-z) (1) = 1-sinz, (2) where versin(z) is the versine and sinz is the sine. The ...

A curve whose name means skull-like. It is given by the polar equation r=asint+bsqrt(1-pcos^2t)+csqrt(1-qcos^2t), where a,b,c>0, a<b+c, 0<p<1, 0<q<1, and p!=q. The top of the ...