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Let the probabilities of various classes in a distribution be p_1, p_2, ..., p_k, with observed frequencies m_1, m_2, ..., m_k. The quantity ...

The probability P(a,n) that n random arcs of angular size a cover the circumference of a circle completely (for a circle with unit circumference) is ...

The (upper) clique number of a graph G, denoted omega(G), is the number of vertices in a maximum clique of G. Equivalently, it is the size of a largest clique or maximal ...

The clique polynomial C_G(x) for the graph G is defined as the polynomial C_G(x)=1+sum_(k=1)^(omega(G))c_kx^k, (1) where omega(G) is the clique number of G, the coefficient ...

A module having dual properties with respect to a free module, as enumerated below. 1. Every free module is projective; every cofree module is injective. 2. For every module ...

A set of orthogonal functions {phi_n(x)} is termed complete in the closed interval x in [a,b] if, for every piecewise continuous function f(x) in the interval, the minimum ...

The constant a_(-1) in the Laurent series f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n (1) of f(z) about a point z_0 is called the residue of f(z). If f is analytic at z_0, its ...

_0F_1(;a;z)=lim_(q->infty)_1F_1(q;a;z/q). (1) It has a series expansion _0F_1(;a;z)=sum_(n=0)^infty(z^n)/((a)_nn!) (2) and satisfies z(d^2y)/(dz^2)+a(dy)/(dz)-y=0. (3) It is ...

The Cookson Hills series is the series similar to the Flint Hills series, but with numerator sec^2n instead of csc^2n: S_2=sum_(n=1)^infty(sec^2n)/(n^3) (Pickover 2002, p. ...

Define the correlation integral as C(epsilon)=lim_(N->infty)1/(N^2)sum_(i,j=1; i!=j)^inftyH(epsilon-|x_i-x_j|), (1) where H is the Heaviside step function. When the below ...