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Let alpha(x) be a monotone increasing function and define an interval I=(x_1,x_2). Then define the nonnegative function U(I)=alpha(x_2)-alpha(x_1). The Lebesgue integral with ...

Any complex measure lambda decomposes into an absolutely continuous measure lambda_a and a singular measure lambda_c, with respect to some positive measure mu. This is the ...

The Lebombo bone is the oldest known mathematical artifact. It dates from 35000 BC and consists of 29 distinct notches that were deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula. It ...

Let K be a finite complex, let h:|K|->|K| be a continuous map. If Lambda(h)!=0, then h has a fixed point.

A three-dimensional coordinate system in which the axes do not satisfy the right-hand rule.

For a group G, consider a subgroup H with elements h_i and an element x of G not in H, then xh_i for i=1, 2, ... constitute the left coset of the subgroup H with respect to x.

A left eigenvector is defined as a row vector X_L satisfying X_LA=lambda_LX_L. In many common applications, only right eigenvectors (and not left eigenvectors) need be ...

The portion of the complex plane z=x+iy with real part R[z]<0.

In a noncommutative ring R, a left ideal is a subset I which is an additive subgroup of R and such that for all r in R and all a in I, ra in I. A left ideal of R can be ...

A leg of a triangle is one of its sides. For a right triangle, the term "leg" generally refers to a side other than the one opposite the right angle (which is termed the ...